Film Study: the Shining

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Responsibilities of Members of Corporate Boards of Directors - 550 Words

Cybersecurity and Responsibilities of Members of Corporate Boards of Directors (Speech Presentation Sample) Content: Title: Case Study- Cyber SecurityName:Due Date:Cyber SecurityIntroductionCybersecurity is a procedure that involves both technology and stakeholders, designed to protect a system and its components from cyber-attack ("What is cyber security? IT Governance", 2018). Systems should be protected from cyber-attacks caused by opponents either intentionally or unintentionally. Therefore, it is important for members of Padgett- Beale Board of Directors to have a good insight of what really cyber-security is and how can each member helps in promoting it.Cybersecurity and Responsibilities of Members of Corporate Boards of DirectorsCorporates governance should include cybersecurity as its culture. This is most important to the board of directors since it has the mandate to set and oversee the implementation of the organizations policies. Therefore, each board member should understand his/her roles in cybersecurity. First, the board should budget for the IT department. Cost of c yber-attacks is rapidly increasing due to the emergence of new security threats. This calls for a proper budget plan to counter the attacks. The budget should include related technology costs and training of other staff about cybersecurity.Further, members of the board of directors occasionally review security policies to ensure that their data is secure. It is part of establishing a system of governance ("The Role of the Board of Directors | Ag Decision Maker", 2018). This is because new threats emerge on daily basis hence without a regular update of security policies then a cyber-attack is bound to occur. The board should also develop a response plan to be used in case of a cyber-attack. This plan should provide guidelines on how to respond to instances of a security breach. Thus quick recovery of services in case of an attack.Directors should understand laws on cybersecurity. This shades more light on the consequences of a cyber-attack in regard to the applicable laws. Finally, t he board should have competent cybersecurity expert. With an expert, the board can allocate adequate time for cybersecurity discussions ("NACD Publishes Five Cybersecurity Principles For Board Directors", 2018).RecommendationsTo bridge accountability gap, it is important to consider these recommendations. First, cyber education to members is a key factor as we all know that education empowers (Reber, 2018). It helps in understanding security policies and their implementation. The board should also track all the components in the organizations network. This prevents malicious devices from gaining unauthorized access to the network.Intelligence on threats should be promoted. Directors ought to be well informed on threats likely to attack the organization system. These threats are determined by regular analysis of vulnerabilities in the system. Moreover, directors should be compliant with government policies. It important to be up to date with legislation on cybersecurity as this helps in promoting required standards in systems security. Finally, the board of directors should be vigilant. This vigilance culture helps to honestly check the operations of a system. Therefore, one can be able to point out whether the system is normal or not. This culture helps in promoting accountability as everyone wishes not to experience cyber-attack.Clear...

There Is A Wide Array Of Theories About The Cause Of Crime

There is a wide array of theories about the cause of crime ranging from predisposition to environmental factors. Research and development of these delinquency theories have progressed and been categorized by biological, psychological, and sociological theories. A major biological theory is Richard Dugdale’s theory of inheritance. There are several psychological theories with two of them being intelligence theory and Sigmund Freud’s personality trait theory. Sociological theories includes Emilie Durkheim’s functionalist theory and Edwin Sutherland’s differential association theory. Overall, there are a wide range of theories and theorists that try to determine what factors influence deviance and why deviance occurs in society. Biological†¦show more content†¦Biological theories of deviance vary from other theories in several ways. One example is biological theory s concept of inheritance and predisposition to deviant behavior. Another variance is t hat unlike sociological theories, both biological and psychological theories are based on factors generated within the individual. Psychological theories on deviance are typically based on the concept of the variables and pathology that effect an individual’s personality (Moore, 228). While psychological theories are based on an individual’s inner self and personality, there is no association between personality and deviancy. There is a supposition that deviating individuals have deviating personalities (Henslin, 201). These theories try to find a correlation between environmental and psychological factors. A few major psychological theories include the intelligence theory and Sigmund Freud’s personality theory. The intelligence theory was developed based of the belief of an association between intelligence and deviant behavior. Referencing research by H. H. Goddard it was determined that deviant behavior had a connection with low intelligence (Moore, 230, as ci ted in Shoemaker, 47). While Goddard established and researched a link between intelligence and behavior, it is difficult to ensure that a correlation actually exists. With an increase in education there is a multitude of factors influencing an individual’s intelligence thus affecting his or herShow MoreRelatedAbstract . The Labeling Theory Proposes That Once A Juvenile1582 Words   |  7 PagesAbstract The labeling theory proposes that once a juvenile has been labeled a deviant or delinquent they become stigmatized as a criminal, and begin to believe the label or accept it in a self-fulfilling prophecy. Because of these labels, many juveniles continue with their deviant acts because they feel obligated to act out in a negative manner. Sociologists Tannenbaum, Becker, Lement are more interested in the reaction to the crime, not the cause of the crime, and have theorized that once anRead MoreLabelling Theory And Robert Agnew s General Strain Theory1676 Words   |  7 PagesHoward Becker’s Labelling theory and Robert Agnew ’s General Strain Theory presents ideas on how the sociological environment plays a factor in shaping individuals and leading them to resort to choices such as drug use. The Labelling theory is a concept in which the stigmatization of placing identity markers through pre-conceived notions and judgments can lead to a personal internalization of the i mposed label which in turn can lead to deviance (Citation). The Strain Theory is an idea centered on howRead MoreLabelling Theory And Robert Agnew s General Strain Theory1651 Words   |  7 PagesBecker’s Labelling theory and Robert Agnew ’s General Strain Theory presents ideas on how the sociological environment plays a factor into shaping individuals and leading them to resort to choices such as drug use. The Labelling theory is a concept in which the stigmatization of placing identity markers through pre-conceived notions and judgements can lead to a personal internalization of the imposed label which in turn can lead to deviance (Erikson,1964,417-419). The Strain Theory is an idea centeredRead MoreThe Inferno And The Systems Theory1220 Words   |  5 Pagesreflects the common thinking of religion and Christianity at the time and through examination of both the Inferno and the systems theory, a better understanding of life in Florence, at that time, can be better comprehended. 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It is a wide array of alternative activities conducted using medium whether a personal computer or a portable devices. Its main purpose is to establish communication with other people around the globe. Also, it is used for recreational activities, researches, paperworks, etc. Due to its versatility, usefulness and the fact that it is very much accessible, some users tend to use it the way it is not meant to be used. It leads to the crimes conducted via violations or actionsRead MoreEffects of Video Games on Childrens Behavior1744 Words   |  7 PagesAn analysis about the effects of video games on children behavior Effect of Video Games on Children’s Behavior Introduction Social scientists have been examining the effect that video games have on behavior. From the introduction of video games in the 1980s, there have been numerous research studies to this effect (Andersen Taylor, 2008). The issue has become even more significant in the modern context because these video games have become bloodier and more realistic than ever before. EvenRead More The Evolution of the Concept of Victim Essay2186 Words   |  9 Pagesreport will provide the information about the evolution of the concept of quot;victimquot; and the study of victimology. Victimology is a term first coined for a specialty within the field of criminology. In recent times, victimology has come to embrace a wide array of professional disciplines working with victims. In its original form, victimology examined characteristics of victims and how they quot;contributedquot; to their victimization. The emergence of the crime victims rights movement has influencedRead MoreThe Cheese and the Worms B ook Review Essay1686 Words   |  7 PagesThe Cheese and the Worms Book Review The rise of literacy towards the end of the Middle Ages brought with it a torrent of individuals ready to think fro themselves and formulate their own theories and ideas regarding God and the Christian faith. For a long time, the church held a near monopoly on literacy and used this to maintain control over people’s lives and beliefs. While some of these new intellectuals created ideas that would forever change the way people envision themselves and theirRead MoreZero Tolerance As A Policing Strategy2805 Words   |  12 PagesAbstract Zero Tolerance is described in the criminal justice world as a policing strategy that involves relentless order maintenance and aggressive law enforcement, against even minor crimes and incivilities. For many decades now, most of the evidence and research found on the subject matter has been traced back to the New York City Police Department; with its most prominent era lasting throughout the 1990’s. Proponents for zero tolerance policing argue that evidence of its deterrence can be found

An Island Of The Pelicans ( Williams, 2016 ) Essay

Alcatraz was first discovered in 1775 by a spanish explorer, Juan Manuel del Ayala, which he named the Island of the Pelicans (Williams, 2016). Alcatraz is now a national landmark established in the 1930’s. The renowned island located in the bay of San Francisco, California. During the 1930’s crimes and gangs increased in an alarming rate due to the effects of The Great Depression (Williams, 2016). Many crimes and gangs rose also when many laws were passed and put many behind bars (Raaphorst, 71). Donna Raaphorst, author of â€Å"The History Of An Island Prison: From The Development To An American Myth†, states In l932, the Threatening Communications Act and the Kidnapping Act passed. In l933, a new law made it a federal crime to assault or kill a federal officer. The National Firearms Act, the National Bank Robber Act, the Anti-Racketeering Act, the Fugitive Felon Act, and the National Stolen Property Act all passed in l934. Such legislation increased the role of the federal government in crime control (Raaphorst,71). Many notorious criminals were incarcerated and with many attempted to escape, Alcatraz was calling for all inmates who were too hard to handle. There were existing penitentiaries where they had dangerous convicts who wouldn’t abide to the rules and had the continuous mindset to plan an escape (Raaphorst, 2016). The United State’s government realized that something needed to change and formed a different approach of dealing with all the felons. Alcatraz FederalShow MoreRelatedIncome Taxation Solutions Manual 1 300300 Words   |  1202 Pagesdescribe the method and rate of cost allocation: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. Furniture and fixtures Tools (each costing less than $500) Printing press used by a publisher of paperback books (purchased after March 18, 2007 and before 2016) Paving of a parking lot Concession licence for a 10-year time period Franchise for an unlimited life Computer application software Computer hardware Customer list Glasses and cutlery used in the operation of a restaurant Sprinkler system in a building

Conflict in the Workplace-Free-Samples for Students-Myassignment

Question: What steps would you take to resolve this Conflict? Please note that for this mid-term assignment you must take into Consideration that, Independently of your approach to this Conflict, you will get different reactions from the staff, thus you have to indicate the possible/probable scenarios/outcomes. Answer: Steps to be taken to resolve the conflict The first step to resolve the conflict in the workplace is to identify the origin of the disagreement in the organization (Deyoe and Terry pp. 1). This step should be followed in the very first stage due to the reason that, identification of the issue is required and important in order to take the further steps in mitigating it. Identification of the issues in the workplace will involve discussing with all the associated parties in the organization in order to gather information about the issue from all the parties. The more information will be gathered from the associated stakeholders, the more effective will be the identification of the issues and disagreement among the internal stakeholders in the organization (Shaw, Kristman and Vezina pp. 163). All the associated stakeholders should be questioned individually in order to gain an understanding about the issues. The next step will be to made the employees and other related stakeholders in the organization aware about the potential implication and consequences of the originated conflict in the organization. In this case also, effective communication process is required in order to communicate with the associated stakeholders regarding the implications of the conflict (Sigmar, Hynes and Hill pp. 301). This step is important due to the reason that, it will help to create a consensus among the stakeholders in the organization regarding the implication of the conflict. In this step it is important to determine that whether all the associated stakeholders are having similar and singular approach regarding the originated conflict. Once all the internal stakeholders are being in the same path regarding the negative implications of the conflict, resolving the issue will become easy. The next step will be the initiation and communication of the common goal among all the associated stakeholders. This step is important due to the reason that, this step will help in discussing all the possible ways to mitigate the identified issue. Thus, the more discussion will be initiated with the associated stakeholders, the more will be the chance of having the consensus in mitigating and managing the identified issue (Wu and Xu pp. 757). In addition, effective implementation of this step will help to have the access to the diverse opinions and suggestions regarding the issue. Thus, more options will be available to the managers in managing the issue. The more discussion will be initiated among the associated stakeholders, the more will be the origination of the diverse opinions from them. Thus, the next step will be the discussion with all the associated stakeholders in determining the barrier in the resolving the issue (Saaty and Peniwati pp. 212). Both the opposite parties in the particular issue will discuss about the issue, which will lead to the generation of the barrier. Thus, identification of these barriers is important to have the effective mitigating technique in order to reduce the implication of the issue. The next step to be followed is to evaluate the alternative ideas and suggestions from all the available options. The alternate options will be generated from the previous steps due to the involvement of the both parties in the discussion. Thus, this step will involve evaluation of the available alternatives from the above step and shortlist the most effective one (Sharma and Singhal pp. 741). However, in short listing the most effective alternative, one factor that should be considered is the creation ofthe consensus among the related stakeholders. This is due to the reason that, the shortlisted alternative should be supported by all the associated stakeholders. The more consensuses will be created among the associated stakeholders regarding the selected alternative, the less will be the probability of generation of conflict among the stakeholders in future. The last step will be communicating the selected alternative to the associated stakeholders in the organization along with making them adjusted with the new approach. Moreover, all the organizational task and procedures should be effectively delegated to all the respective stakeholders in the organization. They should be well trained in order to reduce the issue of non acceptance among the employees regarding the implementation of the new approach in the organization. Probable scenarios One of the key scenarios that may get originate is the obstacle being created by the middle level managers in discussing with their subordinates regarding the workplace issue. This may get arise due to the reason that, in the case study, it is being given in the case that, the upper level management follows the autocratic style of leadership in the organization, which limits the possibility of gathering the feedback from the side of the employees (Bhatti et al. 192). Thus, a scenario can get arise where the managers will reluctant to discuss the issue with their subordinates. Another scenario that also may get arise is the non acceptance of the selected alternative or approach by the majority of the employees. This is due to the reason that, as discussed earlier in this essay that, difference in opinion may get arise between the managers and the employees, difference may also get arise among the employees in the similar way (Song et al. 916). Thus, a scenario will get arise where all the employees will not be in the similar path regarding the selection of the particular approach. In this case, it will be difficult to enhance the effectiveness of the newly initiated approach. Conflict of interest may also get arise in the organization. This is due to the reason that, there may be some issues, which will have implications even if the issue is being effectively mitigated (Loewenstein, Sah and Cain pp. 669). For instance, the issue may be such which if being mitigated will have positive implication only for the employees and not for the mangers and vice versa. Thus, in this case, selecting and creating the consensus for the effective mitigation and management of the issue will be difficult. Another possible scenario that also may get arise is the lack of training and resources for the employees and other internal stakeholders to get adjusted with the new approach in the organization (Elnaga and Imran pp. 137). This is due to the reason that, if the employees are not being trained and equipped according to the change in the business policies, then they will be reluctant to accept the new approach. Thus, it will create new issue in the organization. Probable solutions for the identified scenarios Initiation of training One of the key recommended steps to be initiated is the providence of the training for the internal stakeholders in the organizations. This is due to the reason that, in order to equip the employees in their workplace along with enhancing their effectiveness and productivity (Singh and Mohanty pp. 87). In the given case, it is being stated that, employees are low on morale and productivity. Thus, this is having negative implications on the effectiveness and productivity on the overall organization. There will be various advantages for the initiation of the training program for the internal stakeholders. the more trained will be the employees, the more equipped and motivated they will be in coping up with the change in the business scenario. In addition, initiation of the training program should not only cover the employees only but also the other internal stakeholders such as supervisors and managers. This is due to the reason that, the supervisors and managers should also be given t raining in order to enhance their effectiveness in leading and organizing the organizational policies and strategies along with managing the subordinates effectively. Thus, with the help of the initiation of the training programs in the organization, the middle level managers including the supervisors and managers will be equipped and motivated to lead the employees along with effectively guiding the employees in their workplace. On the other hand, initiation of the training program for the employees will equipped them to accomplish their job effectively along with following the leadership of the middle and upper level management. It will enhance the compatibility and relationship among the managers and the employees, which will help to reduce the conflict in the organization. Thus, the first recommended step in order to resolve the conflict in the given case will be the initiation of the training program for the internal stakeholders. Awareness drive for the managers As discussed in the previous section, managers may be reluctant in discussing the organizational issues with the employees and initiating the mitigating approaches in consultation with them. Thus, it is important the awareness program should also be initiated for the managers also in order to make them aware about the potential benefits of consulting with the employees prior to the initiation of the resolve technique in the organization. It should be noted that, that the managers should be aware and communicated that if they consult with the employees before initiating the resolve technique, and then they will also have the positive implications (Shonin and Van Gordon pp. 899). Thus, if they are aware that they will also gain from the consultation with the employees, then they will be more motivated to engage with their employees. Thus, the more engagement of the employees in the decision making process, the more will be the relationship and understanding among the internal stakehold ers, which will reduce the chance of having conflict in the organization. References Bhatti, Nadeem, et al. "The impact of autocratic and democratic leadership style on job satisfaction."International Business Research5.2 (2012): 192. Deyoe, Rodney H., and Terry L. Fox. "Identifying strategies to minimize workplace conflict due to generational differences."Journal of Behavioral Studies in Business5 (2012): 1. Elnaga, Amir, and Amen Imran. "The effect of training on employee performance."European Journal of Business and Management5.4 (2013): 137-147. Loewenstein, George, Sunita Sah, and Daylian M. Cain. "The unintended consequences of conflict of interest disclosure."Jama307.7 (2012): 669-670. Saaty, Thomas L., and Kirti Peniwati.Group decision making: drawing out and reconciling differences. RWS publications, 2013. 212-235 Sharma, Parveen, and Sandeep Singhal. "Design and evaluation of layout alternatives to enhance the performance of industry."OPSEARCH53.4 (2016): 741-760. Shaw, William S., Vicki L. Kristman, and Nicole Vzina. "Workplace issues."Handbook of work disability. Springer New York, 2013. 163-182. Shonin, Edo, and William Van Gordon. "Managers experiences of meditation awareness training."Mindfulness6.4 (2015): 899-909. Sigmar, Lucia Stretcher, Geraldine E. Hynes, and Kathy L. Hill. "Strategies for teaching social and emotional intelligence in business communication."Business Communication Quarterly75.3 (2012): 301-317. Singh, Rohan, and Madhumita Mohanty. "Impact of training practices on employee productivity: A comparative study."Interscience Management Review2.2 (2012): 87-92. Song, Xiao, et al. "Impact of informal networks on opinion dynamics in hierarchically formal organization."Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications436 (2015): 916-924. Wu, Zhibin, and Jiuping Xu. "A consistency and consensus based decision support model for group decision making with multiplicative preference relations."Decision Support Systems52.3 (2012): 757-767.

Post Civil War free essay sample

While appearing to be some type of Mosses to the newly freed slaves, his intent was to appease and empower the Southern farmers and institute a real and equitable democracy in the South. Radical Republicans pushed him to include black suffrage. However, he was a strict constitutionalists who believed he had no power as president to unilaterally extend citizenship and suffrage. Although a firm nationalist, he also had a solid respect for states rights. His goal was for states to assume their full rights as soon as possible. Secondly there was a reconstruction going on in Congress as well.Congressional Republicans moved to the political left. Congress did not recognize southern representatives in DCE. 1865. Both houses formed a joint committee on Reconstruction to investigate whether any southern states deserved representation. Moderates wanted to solve a political problem, but Radicals wanted a social revolution. However, congress did decide to extend the rights and powers of the Freedmans Bureau, largely in response to the white Souths stubbornness and insubordination. We will write a custom essay sample on Post Civil War or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page With the election of Grant, Radical Republicans finally had an ally in the White House.In March of 1 870, the final Reconstruction amendment was ratified. The Fifteenth Amendment stated that no American could be denied the right to vote on account of race, color, or previous condition of servitude. Elections in the South in 1870 were regulated by federal troops stationed there. In these elections, thousands of Southern blacks voted for the first time; predictably, many Southern whites did not vote in these elections and viewed the entire process with disgust. In he 1870 elections, nearly 630 blacks were elected as representatives in Southern state legislatures. Sixteen blacks were elected to Congress, one to the United States Senate, and a black, P. B. S. Poinciana, was elected governor of Louisiana. It would be impossible to overstate the resentment with which many Southern whites viewed the entire Reconstruction process. Reconstruction was oftentimes blamed on carpetbaggers, who were Northerners who moved to the South during the Reconstruction period, or on scalawags, a Southern term for white Southern Republicans (education. Mom, 2013). Amidst these developments, public schools systems were implemented.Also, the establishment implemented anti-discrimination measures, strengthened rights of agricultural workers and Infrastructure improved. With these turning points, the impact on Americans current society, economy, politics, and culture can be analyzed in many different ways. One could say that without the institution of programs such as The Freedmans Bureau, Blacks would have not had the opportunity to receive education until the late asss or beyond. I believe that without the ratification f the Fifteenth Amendment, black population would not have stood a chance and it would be a black persons hell in todays society.Without the Reconstruction Period, the economy would have rebounded by some type of measure. The U. S did have contributions to the infrastructure through others in the North. Surely the South would have made some adjusting somehow. In an article published in American History Journal, Eric r-owner wrote that Lincoln assassination actually made little difference to the course of Reconstruction. Lincoln, these historians believed, had long been at odds with he Radical Republicans, who would have treated him much as they did Andrew Johnson had Lincoln refused to go along with their plans.They would have forced their own plan of Reconstruction through Congress. Overridden any vetoes, and tried to remove Lincoln from office through impeachment, just as they attempted with Johnson in 1868. Mr. . Fonder goes on to State that it is impossible to imagine Lincoln, had he lived, becoming so alienated from Congress, the Republican Party, and the northern public as to be impeached and almost removed from office. Nor does it seem likely that he would have enunciated a policy and then stuck to it in the face of self-evident failure.Lincoln had grown enormously during the Civil War, and his ideas would undoubtedly have continued to evolve during Reconstruction. Even if, like Johnson, he had set in motion the establishment of all- the South in 1865, he undoubtedly would have listened carefully to complaints about the Black Codes and been willing to heed the outcry in the North for further guarantees of the rights of former slaves. (Fonder E, 2009) Many southerners saw Reconstruction as an attempt by the north to punish the south, rather than n attempt to rebuild the nation.This period was marked by intense bitterness and anger. Regional and racial pressure remained powerful. The UK Klux Klan came into full force, terrorizing blacks by tactics such as night riding. Poll taxes forced an unreasonable fee on blacks at the voting booth. During Reconstruction, the northern economy experienced a tremendous industrial boom, while the South struggled through Reconstruction. Immigrants began pouring into northern cities and provided a cheap labor source for Northern Industry. The south remained primarily agricultural.Industrialization had both negative effects and positive effects on city life. While big businesses thrived, the gap between the rich and poor grew larger day by day. Progressive reformers sought to close this gap and bring together the nation. Industrialization was very beneficial to American business owners. Following the civil war, industries transformed into modern powerhouses. Big business owners who seized power in these industries became even bigger. New inventions led to new thriving industries. Iron, for example, was replaced with ultra-strong steel. Andrew Carnegie built the biggest steel business in the world. One main reason why steel was in such demand was due to the expansion of railroads. Before steel, railroads ran on weak iron, which would crack and brake. By 1900, Carnegie Steel earned a whopping $40 million a year. Carnegie believed that big businesses such as this actually improved the overall wellbeing of the nation- rich and poor. The Black Codes were laws in the United States passed after the Civil War with the effect of limiting the civil rights and civil liberties of blacks.Even though scarification laws against blacks existed in both Northern and Southern states from the early 19th century, the term Black Codes is used most often to refer to legislation passed by Southern states at the end of the Civil War to control the labor and movement of newly-freed slaves. The Supreme Court set the stage for Jim Crow laws by several of its decisions. The Court held that the Civil Rights Act of 1 875 was unconstitutional and ruled that the Fourteenth Amendment did not prohibit individuals and private organizations from discriminating on the basis of race. Post Civil War free essay sample During the 1 asss, segregation took place. Segregation was a period when there was a difference in the treatment of race. Things like education and living were affected. After the civil war this issue was to be changed. This period was called the reconstruction period. The main focus here was to ensure the freed slaves remained free. The thing that got the slave free was the Emancipation Proclamation. This was created by Abraham Lincoln in 1863. It didnt fully free all slaves until around December 1 865 (newworldencyclopedia. Org). This act is largely moored in the south, particularly after 1 877 when the last federal troops of the military occupation are withdrawn. The experiment in radical reconstruction is over. Democrats regain control of every southern state government. Far from the Republicans, establishing a strong presence in the region, the south becomes an area of one-party politics until the second half of the 20th century (historically. We will write a custom essay sample on Post Civil War or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Net). The federal troops being withdrawn mean that things were now safe. With the war being won by the Union, the south was now headed towards a new future. Things were just starting to get settled.By settled, this means the struggle was becoming at ease. With the democrats regaining control of the southern states, this would mean good things were about to begin for these states. The reconstruction was nearing end. While discussing segregation; the Civil Right Act of 1 866 was passed. According to the website lucre. Lb. UNC. Du, on April 9th, 1866-?146 years ago today-?Congress passed the Civil Rights Act of 1 866, granting full citizenship and the accompanying rights to all citizens, of every race and color, without Edgar to any previous condition of slavery or involuntary servitude. This gave the same rights to both races, giving ease to the African Americans who suffered most during the period before the civil war. At least during the growing pains decade, there was something accomplished. Segregation was brought to an end and there was equality with the races. Not all things were totally equal, but there was now more things offered to African Americans. Next, the most important thing is reconstruction. Reconstruction was the time when everyone had to adjust to the changes going on after the civil war. Whites had to find new ways of getting their work done since now they didnt have farmers or workers.Blacks had to find new ways for making money. In some cases, blacks remained working for the whites but only in means of providing for their families. This reconstruction period wasnt an easy process there was much work to be done. Starting fresh with slavery put behind them, blacks had to start from the bottom, working their way up. Whites now had to get out and work. This period was a difficult one for both in the economy. One struggle getting the work done while the other struggle to find ark after knowing only how to work on plantations and farms.There was some success for the blacks, like finding work and even getting into office. According to Britannica. Com, Though the period has sometimes been labeled Black Reconstruction, the Radical governments in the South were never dominated by African Americans. There were no black governors, only two black senators and a handful of congressmen, and only one legislature controlled by blacks. This period should be labeled as the black reconstruction because they started from nothing and had to work their way p. This was a new beginning for them.They had to catch up and claim their position within the society. Having always worked for someone not really doing for themselves, they had to be reconstructed as well not only did America. Segregation and reconstruction had a huge affect on the current society, economy, politics, and culture. In todays current society, experiencing segregation and the reconstruction made things smoother. By smoother, the society has become not been as racial divided as normal. Equality has begun to get better in a sense. Equality in education, jobs, housing voting, has all been made law.In this day and age, laws are now protecting people. Though its not totally fixed, because of the Post Civil War time period it made certain things easier for African Americans. More people can do things they couldnt from back then. Whites and Blacks both get alone. The economy because Of that era has had its ups and downs. The people had to start over fresh. The people lost their workers or gained a new place in role in economy. Farmers had to find a whole new crew or either plant their own crops. Now the economy is at an k state. More jobs are offered.Laws were created to protect the people. Money or pay on the jobs increased. The military haven t had many real issues since then. Politically, there has been changed within the system. More African Americans have jobs in politics. The politics just like the world as a whole is changing and still needs certain improvements but this era helped out as for as rights. Culturally, the world has also had improvements. Every culture has the freedom to do just about anything they please. All in all, this era helped improve many parts of America.Even though we have certain issues that we still face, this time period helped get major issues handled. Segregation and the reconstruction were what the country needed at the time. Migrating from having workers to working for yourself was a big transition for the people; blacks working for nothing to working for something was also a major change for them. The Growing Pains period wasnt just a period of complete satisfaction. With every change there are ups and downs. Nothing was a for sure thing so the development and construction took time.

French Texting - Les Textos Francais

French Texting - Les Textos Francais Learning French is one thing, but French on the internet - in chatrooms,  forums, text messaging (SMS), and email can seem like a completely different language. Fortunately, help is at hand. Here are some common French abbreviations, acronyms, and symbols to help you communicate via text, followed by some helpful tips and pointers. French Meaning English 12C4 un de ces quatre one of these days 2 ri 1 de rien youre welcome 6n Cin Movie theater A+@+ plus L8R, laterCUL8R, see you later A12C4 un de ces quatre See you one of these days a2m1@2m1 demain CU2moro, see you tomorrow ALP la prochaine TTFN, ta ta for now AMHA mon humble avis IMHO, in my humble opinion APAPLS plus TTFN, ta ta for now ASV ge, Sexe, Ville ASL, age, sex, location a tt tout lheure see you soon auj Aujourdhui Today b1sur Bien sr Of course BAL Bote aux lettres Mailbox BCP Beaucoup A lot bi1to Bientt RSN, real soon biz bisous kisses bjr Bonjour Hello bsr Bonsoir Good evening C Cest It is C1Blag Cest une blague Its a joke, Just kidding CAD Cestdire That is, i.e., cb1 Cest bien Thats good C cho Cest chaud Its hot C Cest It is Ch ChezJe sais At the home ofI know ChuChuiChuis Je suis I am C mal1 Cest malin Thats clever, sneaky C pa 5pa Cest pas sympa Thats not nice CPG Cest pas grave INBD, its no big deal Ct CtaitCest tout It wasThats all D100 Descends Get down dacdak Daccord OK DSL Dsol IMS, Im sorry DQP Ds que possible ASAP, as soon as possible EDR croul de rire LOL, laughing out loud ENTKEntouK En tout cas IAC, in any case FAI Fournisseur daccs internet ISP, internet service provider FDS Fin de semaine WE, Wknd, weekend G Jai I have G1id2kdo Jai une ide de cadeau I have a great idea GHT Jai achet I bought GHT2V1 Jai achet du vin I bought some wine G la N Jai la haine H8, hate GspR b1 Jespre bien I hope so Gt Jtais I was J Jai I have Je c Je sais I know Je le saV Je le savais I knew it Jenmar Jen ai marre Im sick of it Je tM Je taime ILUVU, I love you Je vJv Je vais Im going JMS Jamais NVR JSG Je suis gnial Im (doing) great JTM Je taime I love you K7 cassette cassette tape KDO Cadeau Gift KanKand Quand When Ke Que that, what K Quest What is Kel Quel, Quelle Which Kelle Quelle That she Keske Quest-ce que What kestufouKsk tfu Quest-ce que tu fous ? What the hell are you doing? Ki Qui Who Kil Quil That he Koi Quoi What Koi29 Quoi de neuf ? Whats new? Lckc Elle sest casse She left Ls tomB Laisse tomber Forget it Lut Salut Hi M Merci Thanks MDR Mort de rire ROFL mr6 Merci Thx, thanks MSG Message Msg, message now maintenant ATM, at the moment NSP Ne sais pas Dunno o Au In the, at the Ok1 Aucun None, not one OQP Occup Busy Ou Ouais Yeah p2k Pas de quoi URW, youre welcome parske Parce que COZ, because p-pitit Peut-tre Maybe PK Parce que Because Pkoi Pourquoi Y, why PoP Pas Not PTDR Pt de rire ROFLMAO, rolling on the floor laughing q-c qqueske Quest-ce que What QDN Quoi de neuf ? Whats new? qq Quelques Some qqn Quelquun Someone raf Rien faire Nothing to do ras Rien signaler Nothing to report rdv Rendez-vous Date, appointment RE (Je suis de) retour, Rebonjour Im back, Hi again ri1 Rien 0, nothing savapa a va pas ? Is something wrong? SLT Salut Hi SNIF Jai de la peine Im sad ss (je) suis I am STP/SVP Sil te/vous plat PLS, please T Tes You are tabitou Thabites o ? Where do you live? tata KS Tas ta casse ? You have your car? tds tout de suite right away ti2 Tes hideux Youre hideous. tjs Toujours Always tkc Tes cass Youre tired. TLM Tout le monde Everyone T nrv ? Tes nerv ? Are you irritated? TOK Tes OK ? RUOK? Are you OK? TOQP Tes occup ? RUBZ? Are you busy? tps temps time, weather Tttt Ttaistout You wereall, every V1 Viens Come vazi Vas-y Go VrMan Vraiment Really X crois, croit believe XLnt Excellent XLNT, excellent y aya Il y a There is, there are French Texting Rules The basic rule of texting is to express yourself with the fewest number of characters possible. This is done in three ways: Using abbreviations, like  TLM  for  Tout Le MondeUsing letters that are pronounced like the desired sounds, like  OQP  for  occupà ©Ã‚  (O - CCU - PÉ)Dropping silent letters, especially at the end of a word, like  parl  for  parle Patterns 1 replaces UN, EN, or IN2 replaces DEC replaces CEST, SEST, SAIS, etc.É replaces AI, AIS, and other spellings of similar soundsK can replace QU (e.g., koi) or CA (kdo)O replaces AU, EAU, AUX, etc.T replaces TES and other spellings of the same sound Tip If all else fails, try reading the symbol out loud.